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KMID : 1377020130100050234
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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
2013 Volume.10 No. 5 p.234 ~ p.245
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Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of neurological disorders: a paracrine effect
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Kim Moon-Hang
Kim Kil-Hwan
Park So-Ra
Choi Byung-Hyune
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Abstract
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been emerged as a potential therapeutic modality for stem cell-based therapy and tissue engineering based on their self-renewal ability and multipotency. However, recent knowledge about MSCs biology and therapeutic concept suggests that MSCs can offer therapeutic benefits by secretion of soluble factors rather than by differentiating into target cells and reconstituting damaged tissues by themselves. Many studies show that MSCs produce a wide variety of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, angiogenic factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that act on themselves or neighboring cells eventually to promote regeneration of injured tissues, stimulate differentiation or proliferation of endogenous cells, and modulate host immune responses and inflammation. In the cases of neurological disorders, implanted MSCs have shown low differentiation ability into three neural cell types and limited long-time survival. Recent studies rather suggest that the therapeutic effect of MSCs on neurological disorders can also be attributed to their paracrine effects. In this review, we will introduce these recent studies on the paracrine effects and therapeutic utility of MSCs on diverse neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and traumatic injuries in the brain and spinal cord.
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KEYWORD
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mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neurological disorders, paracrine effect, immune/inflammatory response
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